Pengaruh Konsentrasi Sel Awal dan pH Medium pada Fermentasi Xilitol dari Hidrolisat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

Efri Mardawati, Dara Nadira Daulay, Dwi Wahyuda Wira, Een Sukarminah

Abstract


 

Abstrak

Limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Kandungan yang cukup besar dari TKKS adalah hemiselulosa. Hemiselulosa dapat dihidrolisis menjadi xilosa, dan xilosa dapat difermentasi menjadi xilitol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi sel khamir awal dan pH medium pada proses fermentasi xilitol dari hidrolisat TKKS. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dan dianalisis secara deskriptif terhadap variasi konsentrasi sel khamir awal dan pH. Analisis dilakukan dalam 9 perlakuan dengan 2 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa xilitol hanya terbentuk pada perlakuan pH 5 dengan konsentrasi sel awal 108 sel/mL pada jam ke 24 dan ke 96. Pada jam ke 24 dihasilkan xilitol sebesar 0,047 g/L dan perolehan xilitol terhadap xilosa 0,045 g/g. Pada jam ke 96 sebesar 0,138 g/L dan perolehan xilitol terhadap xilosa 0,094 g/g.

Kata kunci: konsentrasi sel, pH, tandan kosong kelapa sawit, xilitol

 

Abstract

Waste of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) can utilize optimally. The essential content of OPEFB was hemicellulose. Hemicellulose can be hydrolyzed into xylose, and the xylose fermented into xylitol. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of yeast initial cell concentration and medium pH on xylitol fermentation process from OPEFB hydrolysate. The research method used was an experimental method and analyzed descriptively to the variation of yeast initial cell concentration and pH. The analysis was performed in 9 treatments with two replications. The results showed that xylitol was only formed at the treatment with pH 5 and an initial cell concentration of 108 cells/mL. At 24 hours xylitol was produced by 0.0474 g/L, and xylitol result to the xylose was 0.454 g/g. At 96 hours xylitol was produced 0.1381 g/L and xylitol yield to the xylose was 0.0938 g/g.

Keywords: cell concentrations, pH, oil palm empty fruit bunches, xylitol

 


Keywords


konsentrasi sel; pH; tandan kosong kelapa sawit; xilitol; cell concentrations; oil palm empty fruit bunches; xylitol

Full Text:

PDF

References


AOAC. (1995). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. Washington DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

Beg, Q. K., Kapoor, M., Mahajan, L., & Hoondal, G. S. (2001). Microbial xylanases and their industrial applications: a review. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56(3-4), 326–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100704

Chesson, A. (1981). Effects of sodium hydroxide on cereal straws in relation to the enhanced degradation of structural polysaccharides by rumen microorganisms. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 32(8), 745–758. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740320802

Foster-Powell, K., Holt, S., & Brand-Miller, J. (2002). International table of glycemic index and glycemic load. American Society for Clinical Nutrition, 76(2), 5–56.

GAPKI. (2016). Refleksi Industri Kelapa Sawit 2015 dan Prospek 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016, from https://gapki.id/news/397/refleksi-industri-kelapa-sawit-2015-dan-prospek-2016

Gírio, F. M., Fonseca, C., Carvalheiro, F., Duarte, L. C., Marques, S., & Bogel-Łukasik, R. (2010). Hemicelluloses for fuel ethanol: A review. Bioresource Technology, 101(13), 4775–4800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.088

Kayati, F. N., Syamsiah, S., Sediawan, W. B., & Sutijan. (2016). Studi kinetika hidrolisis tandan kosong kelapa sawit ( TKKS ) dengan proses fermentasi padat menggunakan jamur Aspergillus niger. Reaktor, 16(1), 1–8.

Kresnowati, M., Mardawati, E., & Setiadi, T. (2015). Production of xylitol from oil palm empty friuts bunch: A case study on bioefinery concept. Modern Applied Science, 9(7), 206–213. https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n7p206

Mardawati, E., Purwadi, R., Kresnowati, M. T. A. P., & Setiadi, T. (2017). Evaluation of the enzymatic hydrolysis process of oil palm empty fruit bunch using crude fungal xylanase. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 12(18), 5286–5292.

Mardawati, E., Trirakhmadi, A., Kresnowati, M., & Setiadi, T. (2017). Kinetic study on fermentation of xylose for the xylitol production. JIITA, 1(1), 1–6.

Mardawati, E., Werner, A., Bley, T., Kresnowati, M., & Setiadi, T. (2014). The enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches to xylose. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 93, 973–978. https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.93.973

Mardawati, E., Wira, D. W., Kresnowati, M., Purwadi, R., & Setiadi, T. (2015). Microbial production of xylitol from oil palm empty fruit bunches hydrolysate: The effect of glucose concentration. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 94(8), 769–774. https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.94.769

Octavia, S., Soerawidjaja, T. H., Purwadi, R., & Putrawan, I. D. G. A. (2011). Pengolahan Awal Lignoselulosa Menggunakan Amoniak untuk Meningkatkan Perolehan Gula Fermentasi. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia “Kejuangan” Pengembangan Teknologi Kimia untuk Pengolahan Sumber Daya Alam Indonesia (pp. B13–1–6). Yogyakarta.

Parajó, J. C., Domínguez, H., & Domínguez, J. M. (1998a). Biotechnological production of xylitol. Part 1: Interest of xylitol and fundamentals of its biosynthesis. Bioresource Technology, 65(3), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00038-8

Parajó, J. C., Domínguez, H., & Domínguez, J. M. (1998b). Biotechnological production of xylitol. Part 3: Operation in culture media made from lignocellulose hydrolysates. Bioresource Technology, 66(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00037-6

Puspita, P. J. (2010). Optimasi Konsentrasi Xilosa dan Glukosa untuk Produksi Xilitol oleh Candida tropicalis. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Rahman, S. H. A., Choudhury, J. P., & Ahmad, A. L. (2006). Production of xylose from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber using sulfuric acid. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 30(1), 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2006.02.009

Sampaio, F. C., Da Silveira, W. B., Chaves-Alves, V. M., Lopes Passos, F. M., & Cavalcante Coelho, J. L. (2003). Screening of filamentous fungi for production of xylitol from d-xylose. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 34(4), 325–328. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822003000400007

Sluiter, A., Hames, B., Ruiz, R., Scarlata, C., Sluiter, J., & Templeton, D. (2006). Determination of Sugars, Bioproducts, and Degradation Products in Liquid Fraction Process Samples. Golden: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Tantra, T. M., & Rusdi, D. (2003). Produksi Xilitol Mikrobial dari Hidrolisat Tandan Kosong Sawit. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung.

Widiastuti, H., & Panji, T. (2007). Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sisa jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea)(TKSJ) sebagai pupuk organik pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Menara Perkebunan, 75(2), 70–79.




https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2018.007.01.3

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.