Kadar Isoflavon Aglikon pada Ekstrak Susu Kedelai dan Tempe

Muammar Fawwaz, Ayu Natalisnawati, Muzakkir Baits

Abstract


Abstrak

Susu kedelai dan tempe adalah pangan olahan yang digemari masyarakat Indonesia dan menjadi salah satu sumber protein nabati yang terbuat dari kedelai. Kedelai mengandung senyawa isoflavon glikosida yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan sebagai pencegah penyakit kardiovaskuler, kanker, diabetes, hipertensi, osteoporosis, obesitas dan menopause. Isoflavon glikosida memiliki struktur yang lebih kompleks, sehingga perlu mengalami proses biokimiawi untuk menyederhanakan strukturnya agar mudah diserap oleh tubuh. Isoflavon glikosida akan disederhanakan menjadi bentuk aglikon selama proses fermentasi dan hidrolisis kimiawi. Genistein merupakan salah satu bentuk isoflavon aglikon yang banyak ditemui pada produk kacang-kacangan. Susu kedelai dan tempe merupakan produk olahan dari kedelai, perbedaannya adalah tempe telah mengalami proses fermentasi, sehingga diyakini memiliki kadar isoflavon aglikon yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar genistein pada ekstrak susu kedelai dan tempe dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Sampel diekstraksi dengan menggunakan etil asetat, sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kental, selanjutnya diukur kadar genistein dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis, menggunakan baku standar. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kadar genistein pada ekstrak susu kedelai dan tempe yaitu masing-masing 0.613 dan 5.519% (b/b). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar isoflavon aglikon lebih tinggi pada tempe dibanding susu kedelai.

Kata kunci: genistein, isoflavon aglikon, susu kedelai, tempe

 

Abstract

Soymilk and tempeh are a processed food that is popular with Indonesian society and becomes one of vegetable protein source made from soybean. Soy contains isoflavones glycosides are useful for health as preventions of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, obesity, and menopause. Isoflavones glycosides have more complex structures, so they need to undergo biochemical processes to simplify their structure and are easily absorbed by the body. Isoflavones glycosides will be simplified into aglycone forms during chemical fermentation and hydrolysis processes. Genistein is one form of isoflavone aglycone that is commonly found in nuts products. Soymilk and tempeh are processed products from soybeans, the difference is tempeh has undergone a fermentation process, so it is believed to have high levels of isoflavone aglycone. The purpose of this study was to determine the genistein content in the extract of soymilk and tempeh by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The sample was extracted by using ethyl acetate, so obtained by viscous extract, then measured its genistein level by UV-Vis spectrophotometry method, using standard reference. The result showed that genistein content of soymilk and tempeh extract were 0.613 and 5.519% (w/w), respectively. This indicates that isoflavone aglycone content is higher in tempeh than soymilk.

Keywords: genistein, isoflavone aglycone, soymilk, tempeh


Keywords


genistein; isoflavon aglikon; susu kedelai; tempe; isoflavone aglycone; soymilk; tempeh

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https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2017.006.03.6

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