Analisis Rantai Nilai Berbagai Skala Usaha Ayam Broiler di Kabupaten Jombang, Jawa Timur
Abstract
Abstrak
Kabupaten Jombang merupakan daerah potensial untuk pengembangan industri ayam broiler. Tantangan utama pengembangan industri ayam broiler yaitu fluktuasi harga yang tinggi, baik input maupun output. Analisis rantai nilai industri ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta menganalisis peta dan saluran rantai nilai, distribusi biaya dan keuntungan, serta karakteristik pasar. Analisis distribusi biaya dan keuntungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Hayami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan harga yang tidak wajar dan ketimpangan struktur pasar di setiap level rantai nilai. Setiap pelaku usaha industri ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang memperoleh keuntungan sesuai kontribusi penciptaan nilai dan risiko yang ditanggung, kecuali peternak dan broker. Total keuntungan broker lebih besar, sedang kegiatan penciptaan nilai dan risiko broker lebih kecil dibanding peternak. Fluktuasi harga daging ayam yang tidak wajar merupakan dampak dari penguasaan akses pasar oleh broker dan perusahaan peternakan skala besar. Penguasaan akses pasar menyebabkan distorsi pasar pada industri ayam broiler. Pengembangan industri ayam broiler harus difokuskan pada perbaikan akses pasar, informasi, dan modal untuk meningkatkan daya saing para pelaku usaha.
Kata kunci: broiler, fluktuasi, Hayami, keuntungan
Abstract
Jombang Regency is a potential area for the development of the broiler chicken industry. The main challenge in developing the broiler industry is the high price fluctuation, both input and output. Analysis of the value chain of broiler chicken industry in Jombang Regency aims to identify and analyze maps and value chain channels, distribution of costs and profits, as well as market characteristics. Analysis of the distribution of costs and benefits was carried out using the Hayami method. The results showed that there was an unnatural price increase and imbalance in the market structure at each level of the value chain. Every broiler chicken industry businessman in Jombang Regency gets benefits according to the contribution of value creation and the risks borne, except for breeders and brokers. The broker's total profits are greater, while the value creation activities and broker risks are smaller than those of breeders. Unfair fluctuations in chicken meat prices are a result of the existence of market access control by brokers and large-scale livestock companies. Mastery of market access causes market distortion in the broiler chicken industry. The development of the broiler chicken industry must be focused on improving market access, information and capital.
Keywords: broiler, fluctuation, Hayami, profit
Keywords
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https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2019.008.03.3
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