Analisis Rantai Nilai Berbagai Skala Usaha Ayam Broiler di Kabupaten Jombang, Jawa Timur

Nuria Rahmatin, Sucipto Sucipto, Endah Rahayu Lestari

Abstract


Abstrak

Kabupaten Jombang merupakan daerah potensial untuk pengembangan industri ayam broiler. Tantangan utama pengembangan industri ayam broiler yaitu fluktuasi harga yang tinggi, baik input maupun output. Analisis rantai nilai industri ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta menganalisis peta dan saluran rantai nilai, distribusi biaya dan keuntungan, serta karakteristik pasar. Analisis distribusi biaya dan keuntungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Hayami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan harga yang tidak wajar dan ketimpangan struktur pasar di setiap level rantai nilai. Setiap pelaku usaha industri ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang memperoleh keuntungan sesuai kontribusi penciptaan nilai dan risiko yang ditanggung, kecuali peternak dan broker. Total keuntungan broker lebih besar, sedang kegiatan penciptaan nilai dan risiko broker lebih kecil dibanding peternak. Fluktuasi harga daging ayam yang tidak wajar merupakan dampak dari penguasaan akses pasar oleh broker dan perusahaan peternakan skala besar. Penguasaan akses pasar menyebabkan distorsi pasar pada industri ayam broiler. Pengembangan industri ayam broiler harus difokuskan pada perbaikan akses pasar, informasi, dan modal untuk meningkatkan daya saing para pelaku usaha.

Kata kunci: broiler, fluktuasi, Hayami, keuntungan

 

Abstract

Jombang Regency is a potential area for the development of the broiler chicken industry. The main challenge in developing the broiler industry is the high price fluctuation, both input and output. Analysis of the value chain of broiler chicken industry in Jombang Regency aims to identify and analyze maps and value chain channels, distribution of costs and profits, as well as market characteristics. Analysis of the distribution of costs and benefits was carried out using the Hayami method. The results showed that there was an unnatural price increase and imbalance in the market structure at each level of the value chain. Every broiler chicken industry businessman in Jombang Regency gets benefits according to the contribution of value creation and the risks borne, except for breeders and brokers. The broker's total profits are greater, while the value creation activities and broker risks are smaller than those of breeders. Unfair fluctuations in chicken meat prices are a result of the existence of market access control by brokers and large-scale livestock companies. Mastery of market access causes market distortion in the broiler chicken industry. The development of the broiler chicken industry must be focused on improving market access, information and capital.

Keywords: broiler, fluctuation, Hayami, profit


Keywords


broiler; fluktuasi; Hayami; keuntungan; profit; fluctuation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aji, V. P., Yudhistira, R., & Sutopo, W. (2018). Analisis nilai tambah pengolahan ikan lemuru menggunakan metode Hayami. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri, 17(1), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.23917/jiti.v17i1.5611

Arif, M. (2018). Supply Chain Management. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.

Arifin, A., & Sugiyanto, F. (2015). Value chain model of plasma core partnership of hair production creative industry in Purbalingga Regency, Central Java Province. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.003

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. (2005). Prospek dan Arah Pengembangan Agribisnis: Dukungan Aspek Mekanisasi Pertanian. Jakarta: Departemen Pertanian.

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. (2016). Rencana Strategis Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Tahun 2015-2019. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Distribusi Perdagangan Komoditas Daging Ayam Ras di Indonesia 2018. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.

Carron, M., Alarcon, P., Karani, M., Muinde, P., Akoko, J., Onono, J., & Rushton, J. (2017). The broiler meat system in Nairobi, Kenya: Using a value chain framework to understand animal and product flows, governance and sanitary risks. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 147, 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.08.013

Daryanto, A. (2009). Dinamika Daya Saing Industri Peternakan. Bogor: IPB Press.

Davis, C. G. (2015). Factors Influencing Global Poultry Trade. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, 18(A), 1–12.

Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. (2017). Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan 2017. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian.

Elsedig, E. A. A., Mohd, M. I., & Fatimah, M. A. (2015). Assessing the competitiveness and comparative advantage of broiler production in Johor using policy analysis matrix. International Food Research Journal, 22(1), 116–121.

Fadilah, R. (2013). Kunci Sukses Beternak Ayam Broiler di Daerah Tropis. Jakarta: Agromedia Pustaka.

Fitriani, A., Bakar, A., & Susanto, H. (2014). Analisis kelayakan usaha peternakan ayam buras di Kota Bandung. Reka Integra: Jurnal Teknik Industri, 2(2), 133–144.

Hayami, Y., Kawagoe, T., Marooka, Y., & Siregar, M. (1987). Agricultural Marketing and Processing in Upland Java a Perspective From a Sunda Village. Bogor: CPGRT Centre.

Hidayat, S., Marimin, Suryani, A., Sukardi, & Yani, M. (2012). Modifikasi metode hayami untuk perhitungan nilai tambah pada rantai pasok agroindustri kelapa sawit. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 22(1), 22–31.

Irvine, R. M. (2015). A conceptual study of value chain analysis as a tool for assessing a veterinary surveillance system for poultry in Great Britain. Agricultural Systems, 135, 143–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2014.12.007

Kaplinsky, R., & Morris, M. (2002). A Handbook for Value Chain Research. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.

Khaleda, S. (2013). The poultry value chain and sustainable development of poultry microenterprises that utilize homestead lands: A case study in Gazipur, Bangladesh. Land Use Policy, 30(1), 642–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.05.010

Khatun, R., Ahmed, S., Hasan, M. A., Islam, M. S., Uddin, A. S. M. A., & Mahmud, M. S. (2016). Value chain analysis of processed poultry products (egg and meat) in some selected areas of Bangladesh. American Journal of Rural Development, 4(3), 65–70.

Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha. (2016). KPPU Awasi Pola Kemitraan Antara Perusahaan dan Peternak Ayam. Retrieved from http://www.kppu.go.id/id/blog/2016/08/kppu-awasi-pola-kemitraan-antara-perusahaan-dan-peternak-ayam/

Kozami, A. (2002). Business Policy and Strategic Management (2nd ed.). New Delhi: McGraw-Hill.

Kurniawati, N., Ismono, H., & Sayekti, W. D. (2014). Manajemen produksi dan penentuan harga pokok produksi (HPP) pada berbagai tipe peternak ayam broiler. Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Agribisnis: Journal of Agribusiness Science, 2(3), 232–238.

Lambio, A. L. (2012). Poultry Production in the Tropics. Quezon: Aris Printhaus.

Lowitt, K., Hickey, G. M., Ganpat, W., & Phillip, L. (2015). Linking communities of practice with value chain development in smallholder farming systems. World Development, 74, 363–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.05.014

Mbuza, F., Manishimwe, R., Mahoro, J., Simbankabo, T., & Nishimwe, K. (2017). Characterization of broiler poultry production system in Rwanda. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49(1), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1160-0

Mendes, A., Gudoski, D., Cargnelutti, A., Silva, E., Carvalho, E., & Morello, G. (2014). Factors that impact the financial performance of broiler production in southern states of Paraná, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 16(1), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2014000100016

Nathan Associates. (2013). Indonesia’s Poultry Value Chain: Costs, Margins, Prices, and Other Issues. Arlington: United States Agency International Development.

Ningsih, R., & Prabowo, D. W. (2017). Tingkat integrasi pasar ayam broiler di sentra produksi utama: Studi kasus Jawa Timur dan Jawa Barat. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 11(2), 247–270. https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v11i2.231

Passuello, F., Boccaletti, S., & Soregaroli, C. (2015). Governance implications of non-GM private standards on poultry meat value chains. British Food Journal, 117(10), 2564–2581. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-11-2014-0380

Porter, M. E. (1998). The Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: Free Press.

Priyanti, A., & Inounu, I. (2016). Perilaku harga produk peternakan pada hari besar keagamaan nasional. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 14(2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v14n2.2016.149-162

Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. (2015). Analisis PDB Sektor Pertanian 2015. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian. Retrieved from http://epublikasi.setjen.pertanian.go.id/download/file/229-buku-analisis-pdb-pertanian-2015

Pusat Pengkajian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri. (2016). Kajian Kebijakan Persaingan Usaha di Sektor Perunggasan. Jakarta: Kementerian Perdagangan.

Putri, A. S., Sutopo, W., Prihawantara, S., & Matheos, R. C. D. (2015). Value chain improvement for cocoa industry in Indonesia by input-output analysis. In Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2015 Vol II (pp. 947–952). Hongkong.

Rahman, S. (2015). Analisis nilai tambah agroindustri chips jagung. Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan, 4(3), 108–111. https://doi.org/10.17728/jatp.v4i3.136

Rayyes, F. (2017). Peran penerapan analisis rantai nilai terhadap efisiensi biaya guna mencapai keunggulan kompetitif. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 6(3), 925–944.

Rosidi, A. R., Mustaniroh, S. A., & Deoranto, P. (2017). Perencanaan strategi pengembangan agroindustri kopra (studi kasus di Kabupaten Halmahera Timur). Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 18(3), 211–224.

Saptana. (2014). Dinamika Kemitraan Usaha Industri Broiler Berdaya Saing. In Memperkuat Daya Saing Produksi Pertanian (pp. 581–609). Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian. Retrieved from http://www.litbang.pertanian.go.id/buku/memperkuat_dayasaing_produk_pe/BAB-V-4.pdf

Saptana, & Daryanto, A. (2013). Dinamika Kemitraan Usaha Agribisnis Berdayasaing dan Berkelanjutan. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian.

Saptana, S., Maulana, M., & Ningsih, R. (2017). Produksi dan pemasaran komoditas broiler di Jawa Barat. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 14(2), 152–164. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.14.2.152

Saragih, B. (2010). Agribisnis Paradigma Baru Pembangunan Ekonomi Berbasis Pertanian. Bogor: IPB Press.

Shank, J. K., & Govindarajan, V. (1992). Strategic cost management : The value chain perspective. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 4, 179–197.

Soedjana, T. D. (2011). Peningkatan Konsumsi Daging Ruminansia Kecil dalam Rangka Diversifikasi Pangan Daging Mendukung PSDSK 2014. In Workshop Nasional Diversifikasi Pangan Daging Ruminansia Kecil 2011 Puslitbang Peternakan (pp. 17–26). Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian.

Tanjung, M. H., Daryanto, A., & Muladno. (2013). Strategi bersaing pada rantai nilai ayam ras pedaging PT Ciomas Adisatwa Region Jawa Barat Unit Bogor. Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis, 10(1), 40–49.

Toraubally, W. A. (2018). Large market games, the law of one price, and market structure. Journal of Mathematical Economics, 78, 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2018.06.007

UK Department for International Development. (2008). Making Value Chains Work Better for The Poor: A Toolkit for Practitioners of Value Chain Analysis. Phnom Penh: Agricultural Development International.

Wibowo, B. (2016). Dinamika kinerja agribisnis ayam lokal di Indonesia. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 26(4), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v26i4.1398

Wu, C. (2017). Strategic Aspects of Oligopolistic Vertical Integration. Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V.

Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2010). Business Research Methods (8th ed.). Mason: South-Western College Pub.




https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2019.008.03.3

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.