Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) Time and Material to Solvent Ratio of Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) Water-Soluble Polysaccharides (WSP)

Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri, Eko Isro Riyanto, Almaria Heliana, Ambo Wellang, Elok Zubaidah

Abstract


Abstract

Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) is a tuber-producing plant containing 14.63% inulin, a Water-Soluble Polysaccharide (WSP). This study aims to determine the optimum point of the material to solvent ratio and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) time needed to extract gembili WSP, and determine the WSP's characteristics produced. The optimization process uses the Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) with Design Expert 7.0 software. The material to solvent ratio's minimum and maximum points are 1:25 g/L and 1:45 g/L, while the minimum and maximum points of extraction time are 20 minutes and 40 minutes. This study observed 13 experimental combinations and responses from gembili WSP yield, WSP powder inulin levels, and WSP solubility. The results showed that the optimum conditions of material to solvent were at a 1:33.81 g/mL ratio, and the extraction time was 29.26 minutes. This optimum condition resulted in 32.42% WSP yield, 40.8% inulin content in WSP powder, 26.98% WSP solubility, 12.24% WSP water content, and 49.3 cp WSP viscosity. These results indicate that extraction using a microwave can increase WSP's rich inulin yield from gembili tubers.

Keywords: gembili, inulin, microwave, optimization, Water-Soluble Polysaccharides

 

Abstrak

Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) merupakan tanaman penghasil umbi yang mengandung 14,63% inulin, yang merupakan Polisakarida Larut Air (PLA). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui titik optimum rasio bahan terhadap pelarut dan lama waktu ekstraksi PLA ubi gembili yang dibutuhkan menggunakan Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) serta untuk mengetahui karakteristik PLA umbi gembili yang dihasilkan. Proses optimasi menggunakan Respon Surface Methodology-Central Composit Design (RSM-CCD) dengan bantuan software Design Expert 7.0. Titik minimum dan maksimum rasio bahan:pelarut adalah 1:25 g/L dan 1:45 g/L, sedangkan titik minimum dan maksimum lama waktu ekstraksi adalah 20 menit dan 40 menit. Penelitian ini mengamati 13 kombinasi percobaan dan respon, yaitu rendemen PLA, kadar inulin pada bubuk PLA, dan kelarutan PLA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum bahan:pelarut terdapat pada rasio 1:33,81 g/mL dan lama waktu ekstraksi adalah 29,26 menit. Kondisi optimum ini menghasilkan 32,42% rendemen PLA, 40,8% kadar inulin pada bubuk PLA, 26,98% kelarutan PLA, 12,24% kadar air PLA, dan 49.3 cp viskositas PLA. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi menggunakan microwave berpotensi meningkatkan rendemen PLA kaya inulin dari umbi gembili.

Kata kunci: gembili, inulin, microwave, optimasi, Polisakarida Larut Air


Keywords


gembili; inulin; microwave; optimization; Water-Soluble Polysaccharides; optimasi; Polisakarida Larut Air

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https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2021.010.01.9

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